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81.
红壤水分条件对柑橘叶片质膜透性以及活性氧代谢和保护酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过盆栽柑橘控制盆内红壤不同含水量处理,研究了不同红壤水分条件对柑橘叶片质膜透性以及活性氧代谢和保护酶活性的影响.结果表明,柑橘叶片相对电导率在红壤相对含水量75% 处理时最低,并与红壤相对含水量呈显著负相关(R2 = 0.8236*,n=50);柑橘叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量随土壤水分含量的减少而显著增加,并与红壤相对含水量呈显著负相关(R2 = 0.9051*,n=50).柑橘叶片超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)生成速率与过氧化氢(H2O2)含量在不同红壤水分条件下具有相近的变化曲线,在红壤相对含水量60% 的处理下达最大值后,随红壤水分减少或增加均呈下降趋势;O2.-、H2O2并不是引起柑橘在红壤水分亏缺或盈余胁迫状况下氧化伤害的单一原因.随着红壤含水量的变化,柑橘叶片抗氧化系统处于动态的平衡中,柑橘叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)酶活性在红壤干旱条件下都保持了较高的活性,但过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随土壤水分减少却显著降低. 相似文献
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Karine Portier DMV MSc CertVA PhD David Crouzier† PhD Michel Guichardant‡ PhD Michel Prost§ PhD Jean-Claude Debouzy† MD PhD Nathalie Kirschvink¶ DMV PhD Nicole Fellmann MD PhD Pierre Lekeux†† DMV PhD Diplomate ECVPT & Jean Coudert MD PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(4):287-298
ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a period of hyperoxia or after a period of hypoxia produced changes attributable to reactive oxygen species in anaesthetized horses.Study designProspective randomized experimental study.AnimalsSix healthy (ASA I) geldings, aged 4.5–9.5 years and weighing 510–640 kg?1.MethodsAfter 30 minutes breathing air as carrier gas for isoflurane, horses were assigned randomly to breathe air as carrier gas (CG0.21) or oxygen as carrier gas (CG1.00) for a further 90 minutes. After an interval of 1 month each horse was re-anaesthetized with the other carrier gas for the 90 minute test period. Ventilation was controlled throughout anaesthesia. Arterial blood was sampled to measure gas tensions, lactate, cholesterol, vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, 8-epi-PGF2α, half haemolysis time, half erythrolysis time, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Muscle blood flow and oxygenation were evaluated by near infrared spectroscopy and coloured Doppler.ResultsAfter the first 30 minutes horses were hypoxemic. Subsequently the CG1.00 group became hyperoxaemic (PaO2~240 mmHg) whereas the CG0.21 group remained hypoxaemic (PaO2~60 mmHg) and had increased lactate concentration. No significant changes in vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, or 8-epi-PGF2α concentrations were detected. During the 90 minute test period the CG0.21 group had increased resistance to free-radical-mediated lysis in erythrocytes, whereas the CG1.00 group had slightly decreased resistance of whole blood to haemolysis. CG0.21 induced a progressive muscle deoxygenation whereas CG1.00 induced an increase in muscle oxygen saturation followed by progressive deoxygenation towards baseline.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDuring isoflurane anaesthesia in horses, the hyperoxia induced by changing from air to oxygen induced minimal damage from reactive oxygen species. Using air as the carrier gas decreased skeletal muscle oxygenation compared with using oxygen. 相似文献
85.
Total and active soil fungal communities in a native eucalypt forest and first rotation Pinus elliotti plantation were investigated by direct extraction of DNA and RNA from soil. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S rRNA profiles indicated that total and active fungal communities differed significantly in both forest types. This was supported by DGGE profile analysis on an individual plot basis for both forest types and when groups in the canonical analysis were redefined to allow comparison between forest types. Analyses of both ITS and 18S T-RFLP profiles indicated that conversion from native eucalypt forest to P. elliottii plantation may significantly alter total and active soil fungal communities. ITS DGGE (DNA) and 18S (RNA) profiles also suggested differences in fungal communities in the two forest types. No significant separation of the fungal communities in the two forest types was observed, however, when ITS DGGE (RNA) profiles were compared. Overall, the data suggest that conversion from native eucalypt forest to P. elliottii plantation at the Beerburrum State Forest in subtropical Australia has significantly altered soil fungal communities. 相似文献
86.
Background, Aims and Scope Disposal of dredged material in subaqueous depots is increasingly considered an economic and ecologically sound option in
managing contaminated dredged material. The concept of subaqueous disposals capped with active barrier systems has been developed
to minimize this risk of contaminant release. As such a depot represents a permanent installation within a sensitive ecosystem,
it requires a thorough monitoring concept. It is the goal of this work to develop such a concept regarding general considerations
and results of laboratory and field investigations.
Methods In addition to the state-of-the-art techniques developed for other under-water constructions, this monitoring concept is developed
with particular respect to the chemical isolation of the dredged material from the overlying water body. It comprises the
use of seepage meters, dialysis samplers, and DGT gel probes for determining the migration of selected target solutes. The
capability of the dialysis samplers is demonstrated by comparing field results with model calculations. The appropriateness
of DGT probes to assess the impact of humic substances on trace metal speciation and on copper toxicity is demonstrated with
the aid of laboratory experiments.
Results and Discussion The experimental results show that, by using dialysis samplers, the temporal changes in concentration-depth-profiles of heavy
metals in the pore solution can be monitored. Additionally, the application of DGT probes facilitates the in situ detection
of labile species of a metal in the presence of dissolved humic substances, which serves to reflect its toxicity. Conclusions.
Three subsequent monitoring phases are distinguished on the basis of both general considerations and the findings from field
results: A hydraulic phase that is characterized by compaction and pore water expulsion, a geochemical phase in which the
demobilization of pollutants can occur due to substantial changes in the physico-chemical conditions (pH, EH), and a steady-state-phase
where pore water flow and geochemical conditions are approaching their minimum.
Recommendations and Outlook The monitoring concept suggested here provides a versatile tool to assess the chemical isolation of subaqueous sediment depots
and other contaminated sediment sites. This is of great importance as subaqueous disposal is increasingly considered a future
management strategy as space for upland disposal is limited and treatment, in general, proves to be too costly. 相似文献
87.
在营养液中添加一定量的铵态氮能提高作物生物量和叶绿素含量。为研究增铵对植物生长及叶绿素含量的影响机理,采用了6个NO3-∶NH4 浓度比为5·0∶0·0、5·0∶2·5、5·0∶5·0、5·0∶7·5、5·0∶10·0和0·0∶5·0的处理对小白菜进行培养试验。结果表明,在5mmolL-1硝态氮存在时,适当添加一定量的铵态氮(2·5mmolL-1)小白菜生物量和叶面积分别增加39·6%和16·3%,叶面积与生物量显著相关(r=0·941,p<0·01)。营养液中铵态氮浓度与叶片SPAD值、活性铁及叶绿体蛋白质含量均显著相关,相关系数r分别为0·914、0·954和0·964。适当提高铵态氮浓度增加小白菜产量的机制在于其促进了叶片扩展,提高了总光合面积,其原因可能是适当提高铵态氮浓度促进了叶片细胞分裂。进一步研究表明,提高铵态氮浓度提高叶绿素含量的原因,可能在于其促进了小白菜体内全铁的再利用,从而提高了叶片活性铁含量和叶绿体蛋白质含量。 相似文献
88.
试验研究不同丘陵地柑橘果园锦橙果实采后生理变化与活性氧代谢的关系结果表明 ,2个试点柑橘果实采后活性氧均呈先升后降趋势 ,超氧化物歧化酶活性升高峰值滞后于活性氧 ,低温贮藏活性氧与几种膜保护酶活性均明显下降 ,但超氧化物歧化酶与过氧化氢酶活性相对值较高。活性氧代谢还与植物内源激素、丙二醛含量和电解质渗漏率及果实品质变化有密切关系。 相似文献
89.
试验研究不同养分模式对水稻生育后期剑叶光合速率、活性氧代谢的影响结果表明,有机-无机肥配施,特别是厩肥与化肥配合施用可明显减缓水稻植株衰老过程中叶片叶绿素的降解和光合速率下降,并有效抑制和调节叶片超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降和脂质过氧化作用产物丙二醛(MDA)的增加,显著提高水稻粒重和籽粒产量。 相似文献
90.
Hamaseh Tayari Derek Flaherty Tyfane T. Yamaoka Adam Auckburally 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(3):297-304
ObjectiveTo compare values of haemoglobin concentration (SpHb), arterial haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and calculated arterial oxygen content (SpOC), measured noninvasively with a pulse co-oximeter before and after in vivo adjustment (via calibration of the device using a measured haemoglobin concentration) with those measured invasively using a spectrophotometric-based blood gas analyser in anaesthetized dogs.Study designProspective observational clinical study.AnimalsA group of 39 adult dogs.MethodsIn all dogs after standard instrumentation, the dorsal metatarsal artery was catheterised for blood sampling, and a pulse co-oximeter probe was applied to the tongue for noninvasive measurements. Paired data for SpHb, SpO2 and SpOC from the pulse co-oximeter and haemoglobin arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and arterial oxygen content (CaO2) from the blood gas analyser were obtained before and after in vivo adjustment. Bland–Altman analysis for repeated measurements was used to evaluate the bias, precision and agreement between the pulse co-oximeter and the blood gas analyser. Data are presented as mean differences and 95% limits of agreement (LoA).ResultsA total of 39 data pairs were obtained before in vivo adjustment. The mean invasively measured haemoglobin–SpHb difference was –2.7 g dL?1 with LoA of –4.9 to –0.5 g dL?1. After in vivo adjustment, 104 data pairs were obtained. The mean invasively measured haemoglobin–SpHb difference was –0.2 g dL?1 with LoA of –1.1 to 0.6 g dL?1. The mean SaO2–SpO2 difference was 0.86% with LoA of –0.8% to 2.5% and that between CaO2–SpOC was 0.66 mL dL–1 with LoA of –2.59 to 3.91 mL dL–1.ConclusionsBefore in vivo adjustment, pulse co-oximeter derived values overestimated the spectrophotometric-based blood gas analyser haemoglobin and CaO2 values. After in vivo adjustment, the accuracy, precision and LoA markedly improved. Therefore, in vivo adjustment is recommended when using this device to monitor SpHb in anaesthetised dogs. 相似文献